Why petrol and diesel prices are on rise in India?

         Petrol-diesel price rises 

• Today we are talking about petrol and diesel price hike in India on month of June,2020.We will discuss the reason behind this on today.

                               
                

• Everyone is worried that Petrol and diesel prices has gone up so much on recently. As all of know that due outbreak of COVID-19 economy condition detoriate. At this circumstances if fuel price gone rise,then we,specially middle class people's life will become unpleasant.
• Earlier there was a difference between petrol and diesel prices atleast 10-15 rupee.Now there is no more difference seen in recent time.If you are compare price between petrol and diesel in Delhi,you will see prices are almost identical or same.

     

    Media/Channel/Newspaper :

• That is why the some newspaper has been published the article based on the topic. Some sample copy mentioned in below-

• As you see 16th,17th and 20th in a row increased prices that took the cumulative increase to a steep Rs. 8 to Rs. 10 respectively. 

• One chart shared by CNBC TV 18,that clearly shows how petrol diesel prices will rises from 7th June,2020.
• At the starting on 7th June,20 the petrol price was Rs.71.86 and diesel was Rs. Rs. 69.99.Then gradually increase the price of petrol-diesel,now it's becomes almost Rs. 80 and the difference between petrol-diesel also continues to decrease.As discussed earlier prices of petrol-diesel in Delhi almost equal ie. around Rs. 80. 

• Today's Petrol price in Kolkata (West Bengal) is Rs. 82.05 per litre and diesel is Rs. 75.52 per litre.Petrol prices rises up daily and while diesel has touched a record high on dated 28th June,2020.

Petrol-Diesel comparison on dated 28th June,2020

• The price of diesel was not so high till now across the metro city of India.

       Record Increase in Fuel in any fortnight:

• This increase in rate since June 7 is the highest for any fortnight since fuel pricing was deregulated in April,2002. According to the available pricing data,the maximum that rate rate have increased in any fortnight was Rs. 4-5 per litre. Deregulation means government does not have control of fuel prices but they are decided depending upon the price of crude oil in international market and refining costs.

• As you compare with recent fuel fortnight price with older one,then you will see that the price has increased a lot now ie. from Rs. 4-5 to Rs.8-10 per litre.

       Key factor in Price rise :

• The reason is that the price is increasing so much depend on the some key factors as mention below-

1. Now,due to outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown in  across the India as well as various parts of world,the demand of crude oil fall sharply earlier this year,which led to a fall in global oil prices. Follow the same prices of crude oil price decrease in march,20 almost $20 per barrel due to COVID-19.But now situation has improved considerably in the global market.Everybody comes out from lockdown,subsequently crude oil price gradually increasing due to demand rises. As you know India government, 84% of crude oil import from outside and remaining 16% we make here.Hence large amount of crude oil import. So our government depends upon crude oil barrel price in international market and according price o fuel will be up & down.

       
        

• Now brent crude oil per barrel price increases recently,it is over more than $40 and accordingly our petrol-diesel price also increase.

            

   2. Second reason is rupee-dollar exchange. As you know value of INR is decreasing due to lockdown & COVID-19. So we bought with more money in terms of rupee.Below picture shows that before lockdown in March,20 value of INR is 71 in terms of dollar.But due to restriction in lockdown in end of March,20 INR value has decreased.Now it becomes almost rupee 76 in terms of 1 dollar.    

   

3. Third reason is the most important key factor which is excise duty and VAT.As you know excise duty imposed by central government and VAT or sales tax imposed by state government on fuel price. Taxes are make-up for nearly two-third of retail selling price by central and state government.

      

• Please also note that as per finance commission 42% of excise duty have to pay State government also.
• The government on March 14 hiked excise duty on petrol and diesel by Rs. 3 per litre each.
• Then again on May 5 by a record Rs.10 per litre in case of petrol and Rs. 13 on diesel. 

      Should Government Benefits to consumer :

• Someone says that benefits to consumer in right way.
• On other side economist says that it will generate revenue to our government. Since March,20 India government don't have any revenue due to lock down.Government is also investing in health due to corona-19.Recent hike in taxes,the government expected to gain additional Rs. 1.6 lakh crore additional revenue as per economist.
• However if the excise duty and sales tax reduce by both Central and State government the fuel price surely go down.

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How does Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) function in two wheeler?

                          :Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS): 

        Introduction:                                                           Subscribe😀

• ABS means anti lock breaking system,which is use to avoid skidding during hard braking on all types of surface. ABS is equipped on a bike with single channel and dual channel.On a motorcycle,an anti-lock brake system prevents the wheels of a powered two wheeler from locking during braking situations. 

         

• In another way you can say that ABS on motorcycles prevents wheel locking and increases stability. Motorcycles are, by nature, less stable than four-wheeled vehicles. Braking too hard can destabilize a motorcycle and lead to either the front or rear wheel locking, causing the bike to overturn or slide.

• ABS bike could not be seen before so much.As per the government of India's rule, all new two-wheeler launches after April 2020, will have to include ABS or CBS in their vehicles.Vehicles below or equal 125 cc will require combined braking system (CBS),while bikes more than capacity 125 cc will must have anti lock braking system (ABS). However nowadays almost all four wheeler cars have ABS. 

        Types of braking :    

• So you have heard many types of braking system used in automobile system nowadays in market for two wheeler,like drum brake,disc brake and ABS. Before gone through ABS system,first of all we will understand function of Disc brake.

• Disc Brake : The disc brake is a mechanism for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel from its motion.A disc brake is normally made of cast iron, but in some cases, it is also made of composites such as carbon-carbon or ceramic -matrix composites.Primarily its uses braking power to transmit hydraulic fluid to braking power.

                       

• Mainly it has two piston,one is smaller and other one is bigger,as shown below picture.Also have hydraulic fluid reservoir. Primarily its uses braking power to transmit hydraulic fluid to caliper. When we applied the brake it pusses in small piston through a small cylinder and it pushes hydraulic fluid to brake caliper through a small hose. Greater piston in brake caliper pushed against the brake disc with greater force than at the brake lever,to stop the vehicle.

                                       

                               

       How ABS works on motorcycle : 

• Now we will understand how ABS is work on two wheeler.ABS works to prevent a motorcycle's wheel, or wheels, from locking during braking.ABS uses speed sensors on both wheels to accurately determine wheel speed as well as sensors to determine when a wheel is about to lock.

• In a simple way we have considered single channel ABS as an example. Important main part of the unit called hydraulic control unit (HCU), which is driven by ECU (Electronic control unit).ECU is type of small computer which constantly detect vehicle speed. Whenever a tendency of brake locking occur, it's activate HCU. There is a speed sensor of wheel is called toner ring.

Toner Ring

• Toner rings are also used in anti-lock brake systems (ABS) to detect wheel rotation rate. As the name implies its senses speed from wheel and passing it to ECU. The toner ring rotate with the wheel and sensor produce electric pulse and it passing through the each teeth of toner ring for sense it and forward signal to ECU. Then ECU calculate the wheel speed,rotation from frequency of the electric pulses. As you know ECU is the brain of the system and HCU is execute the same as per instruction given by ECU.

   

ABS system in two wheeler

•  HCU is consist of two electrically valve ie. isolation valve and dump valve, expandable chamber called low pressure accumulator (LPA),hydraulic piston pump and its motor and Non-return valve (NRV).The ABS system is connected to the braking system in series,between the brake lever and brake.That means hydraulic hose from brake lever will first comes into HCU & then comes into brake system through a small hose mounted in two wheeler.

• The ABS system comes to live when ignition on in two wheeler,it will display in dashboard as shown below picture.

         

• But ABS light still pop up until bike speed reaches 10 km/hr,ie. ABS braking system will work only at 10 km/hr or more.

• The ECU monitors wheels speed,which is normally the vehicle speed.Now we are applying the brake and hydraulic fluid pressurized by the lever and this way brake is applied.

       

• In normal braking HCU do nothing and normal braking is applied on the wheel.But in case brake lock the wheel,ECU detect and try to sudden stop the vehicle and in faster way decrease the wheel speed,through a no of activities in the system. Activities occur in the braking system are as follows- 

1. First it will activate the isolation valve by closing it.By doing this fluid line is isolate to deliver and prevent anymore pressure rise in the system.
2. Then ECU check that the whether action taken is sufficient for unlock the brake or not. If not then ECU take necessary next course of action by doing opening of dump valve. As the name implies dump valve,dump the fluids in brake line and fluid goes into low pressure accumulator(LPA).
3. Now brake starts free spin as it has low pressure in caliper.
4. Now ECU turn the pump with motor.This piston pump extract fluid from LPA supplied to input line brake line through NRV. This NRV keeps the fluid in pressurized condition in input line. 
5. In the mean time dump valve close.
6. As enough pressure in reserve ECU open the isolation valve.Then fluid flow in brake line and brake is activated again.

• If brake lock again,then this step repeated again.This cycle is go on,until vehicle is stop or brake lever releases. All this activities happens very fast,it will repeat 10 times per second.

• Whatever I discussed regarding single channel ABS for better understanding,which means ABS is working on front wheel only,whether rear wheel is not in control. But in dual channel ABS there will be a two sets of same system in a single unit and both the wheels are control independently.

• Most of two wheeler have only single channel ABS facility.I thing reason behind is due to 70% brake effort occur in front wheel only and other reason is for minimize vehicle cost. However safety point of view double channel ABS is very much required. 

       Benefits of ABS in two wheeler: 

• One renowned UK based company place a report, that ABS could reduce the rate of death and severe injury from motorcycle crashes by 31%. 

                

• ABS system also work on slippery surface also.It will provides equal distribution of braking force on each wheel and provides straight line stopping of vehicle.

       ABS Bike in India,BS6 : 

     Some of renowned ABS bike available in market,mention below-  

1. Royal Enfield classic 350 
2. Royal Enfield Thunderbird 350 X
3. Bajaj Pulsar 150
4. Bajaj dominar 250 
5. Bajaj Dominar 400
6. TVS apache RTR 200 4V
7.  Yamaha YZF R15 V3      

• If you are planning to buy a motorcycle to ride on-road, it is recommended that you buy one with ABS. However, ABS may not be appropriate for off-road riding conditions. If you are planning to use an ABS-equipped motorcycle off-road, you can switch ABS on and off as required.

• In next topic we will discuss in detail single channel ABS vs Dual Channel ABS.

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Biography of Sushant Singh Rajput

          Biography of Sushant Singh Rajput

• Many great actors have passed away in this year, 2020,but I felt most sad when I heard Sushant Singh Rajput,the finest actor passed away.

              

• It's hard to believe that we will never see this smiling face again. Sushant Singh Rajput was a really great and talented actor and his dead body was found in his house. It's unbelievable. He gave us so many beautiful and amazing movies.He was so healthy, his professional life was on it's peak, also he had another amazing movie which was about to come. But people are saying that he committed suicide. He hanged himself in his room. 

• However, his maternal uncle is saying that he can't commit suicide. He also said that "Sushant was a really strong boy, he can't do this". Police will investigate and his post mortem report will prove the truth. For now we only know that 99% chance is that he has committed suicide. If it is  suicide which we are quite sure is because it is hard to prove that it was not a suicide, then we can be sure about the fact that fame and money does not really matter, what actually matters that is your happiness and peace. 

       Media/Channel agencies :

       That is why the some local & foreign media has been published the               matter in their newspaper.Some sample copy mentioned in below-

                                                

Source: TIMES NOW NEWS

Source: REPUBLIC WORLD

• As people remember Sushant Singh Rajput, his dialogue from his recently released movie "Chhichhore" has been going viral true. Ironically, in the particular scene that fans have been sharing on social media, he teaches everyone how to overcome depression and suicidal thoughts.He tells his son "suicide is not an option." But he committed suicide himself. That's why we all are disappointed.  

• He was a really talented actor and one of my personal favorite. Recently I've seen one of his movies which was "SONCHIRIYA" and I saw "CHICHHORE". In the movie Chichhore, he played a role of a father who tells his son that suicide is not an option to deal with problems. No one can tell when life will take a turn. For now, we will pay a tribute to Sushant Singh Rajput with a short biography. May god bless his soul and more power to his family.

                                  

Movie : CHICHHORE

       Early Life :

• Rajput was born in Patna in 1986. His ancestral home is in Bihar's Purnea district. One of his sister, Mitu Singh, is a state level cricketer. Sushant Singh Rajput‘s mom had an untimely death due to brain hemorrhage and she couldn’t see the success of her son as a Bollywood actor. It was December 11, 2002 when she passed away. Sushant was just 16 years old and he was abroad for his studies when this tragic death happened. That time Sushant fall in depression due to his mother's decease. Because he was very close to his mother and then his family moved from Patna to Delhi. 

                     

Source Google Image: Sushant's Mothers Photo

• Rajput attended St. Karen's High School in Patna and Kulachi Hansraj Model School in New Delhi. According to Rajput, he has ranked 7th in DCE Entrance exam 2003 and secured admission in Bachelor of Engineering - Mechanical class in Delhi College of Engineering.He completed only three years of the four-year course before dropping out to pursue an acting career. 

Source Google image: School life picture

• While a student of Delhi Technological University, Rajput enrolled in Shiamak Davar's Dance Classes. Within a few months of joining the dance class, Rajput was selected to be the member of Davar's standard dance troupe.

• In 2005, he was chosen to be one of the background dancers at the 51st Flimfare Awards. In 2006, he was a part of the troupe that went to Australia to perform in the cultural program at the opening ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 

• To make a break into films, Rajput moved to Mumbai and joined Nadira Babbar's Ekjute theater group, which he remained a part of for two and a half years.

       Stardom :

• Rajput started his career with television serials. His debut show was Star Plus's romantic drama Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil (2008).  

• In June 2009, Rajput starred at "Pavitra Rishta" as Manav Deshmukh, a serious and matured character working as a mechanic to help support his family. This serial makes him very famous.

                                 

Zee Tv Famous Serial "Pavitra Rishta"

• In May 2010, Rajput joined the dance reality show Zara Nachke Dikha 2. In December 2010, Rajput joined another reality show Jhalak Dikhla Jaa 4. 

      Filmography :

• Rajput auctioned in Abhishek Kapoor's "Kai Po Che" and was selected to play as one of the lead roles along with Rajkumar Rao and Amit Sadh. 

                               

Movie scene "Kai Po Che"

• His next movie was Sudh Desi Romance and then in Rajkumar Hirani's 2014 movie PK. 

              
                                          Movie :PK

• In 2015, Rajput's sole release was Dibakar Banerjee's mystery thriller 2015 movie Detective Byomkesh Bakshi. 

• In 2016, Rajput appeared in Neeraj Pandey's biographical sports film "MS Dhoni - The Untold Story" in the lead role of Indian Cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni, film was huge block blaster hit. Actor Sushant Singh Rajput Played 100 'Helicopter Shots' daily to master it for MS Dhoni biopic. Through his training was completed by famous Indian cricketer Mr. Kiron More. Kiron More said that Sushant Singh would face 300-400 balls in a three to four hours practice session daily.He used work very hard. 

               

With MS Dhoni

Film "MS Dhoni,The untold Story"

• In 2018 he appeared in Kedarnath. In 2019, he appeared in Sonchiria. He also appeared in Chhichhore opposite Shraddha Kapoor. He was also set to play 12 real life characters including political strategist Chanakya, poet Rabindranath Tagore and former Indian President APJ Abdul Kalam in a biopic series on Stories of India.

• As i said earlier that he had a film pending and since he is no more with us, we won't be able to see him again on the big screen. I am extremely saddened by the news, but still I wish that wherever he is,may be happy. May his soul rest in peace.

                                       

                               (RIP SUSHANT SINGH RAJPUT)😢😢

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How do we change temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius on our AC remote Panasonic?

:How do we change temperature from Fahrenheit to Centigrade or vice versa on our AC remote Panasonic:

• I have already explain the basic working principle of air-conditioning system in my previous blog.Please follow the below link for your reference-

  "Basic working principle of Air-conditioning system"😃

• Today I am going to show you how change temperature Fahrenheit to centigrade in remote of Panasonic air-conditioner.We have two way change procedure from F to C.Detail as mention below-

• No.1-Just take out the battery, then you will see screen is start to disappear. After the screen disappeared you insert the battery in back of the remote.Then you see that no more Fahrenheit degree temperature,you  will see that it has been converted to degree centigrade temperature.

                     

Back of Panasonic AC Remote

       

Temperature Fahrenheit converted into Centigrade

          Suppose if this method not work properly,then you may follow second                step.

•  No. 2-Just hold the middle down button for 10 seconds, the display will change from F to C,repeat the process again will change back from C to F. 

                  

• It is depending upon you only, what is your choice degree centigrade or      Fahrenheit.  

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