:Known About Important things of Indian Railway :
Introduction:
- Today we will discuss about many symbols, tricks, equipment detail of train which we see when traveling by train and many people may not observe about this.
1) Roof Ventilator system:
- When we travel by train we see a net on roof of inside the train. That is called roof top ventilator system. Please find below picture (figure 1) for your better understanding-
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| Figure 1:ROOF TOP VENTILATOR |
- You know that hot air always goes up.When the train is very crowded, that time you have to get out hot air from the particular coach.So net is fitted inside train,so that hot air easily escape out from inside coach and one cover is fitted above or outside the train for serve this purpose.The cover is provided on top so that water cannot enter inside train during rain.
2) Electricity supply of train's fan-light:
- One thing you will notice is that the train's fan,lights will never run in your house.The railway team noticed that the fan-light is being stolen.So they came up with an one trick.Then railway engineer came up or bought new plan for 110 volt DC supply of fan,light and other associate appliances.We all know that all household appliances run 220 volt AC.If electricity turned off, our appliances run either 5,12 volt DC or 24 volt DC through battery or inverter. So the railway engineer was forced to install all the appliances including 110 voltage DC and in this way the theft of the light fan are stopped.Please find below picture (figure 2) wherein fan,lights are installed at roof top of coach.
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| Figure 2: FAN & LIGHT AT ROOF TOP |
- This current 110 volts of the train comes from the battery box,which is installed at bottom of train as indicated in below picture (Figure 3).
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| Figure 3: Battery Box |
- You have also seen that most of the mobile chargers inside the train coaches are burn out to some extent.The reason behind mention in below.
- All are known that an one well known electrical formula P=V x I,
- As you know that our mobile charger runs on 220 volt current in place of residence.Now voltage of train is only 110,accordingly current goes up and chance of burning of electric wire. That's why in train clearly written that please do not charge mobile from night 10 pm to 6 am.It will supply more current in charger and accident may happen.
3) Side Filling and Lift Here:
- As you seen that "Side filling" and "Lift Here" appears in the bottom of the Railway coach as indicated below figure 4.
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| Figure 4: Side filling & Lift Here |
- The significance of "Lift here" is that point where they are suppose the attach the hook for lifting coach to separate bogie. Please see below picture for better understanding-
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| Picture 1: Lifting Coach or Lift here |
- Whenever a train starts its journey from particular station, originating station, the water generally used by passengers for toilets, and wash basins come from the water line present in the originating station.Before the start of the journey, the water from the pipe lines are filled as shown below-
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| Picture 2 : Side filling of Coach |
- The capacity of a normal Indian Coach Factory coach is 500L per tank as shown in below picture-
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| Picture 3: Tank detail at Coach |
- A coach has four of these tanks (so the total capacity is 2000L per coach). Time required to fill one coach in mid-journey is between 3 and 4 minutes depending upon the flow of water (varies continuously).While the time required for filling the coach while shunting or before staring is between 15 and 20 minutes.
- At most of the places 4” diameter water header pipeline is provided along entire length of the platform connected with the water tanks and with very few stations having 6” diameter pipe. From the main water header, 2” valve and flexible pipes of 32 mm dia. are used to fill water in the coaches as shown in below picture-
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| Picture 4 : Water filling system in railway coaches |
- If the train coach is air conditioned,then tanks are to be installed in bottom due to space constraints.In upper side of train two nos roof mounted package unit (RMPU) installed as indicated in below picture 5 for better understanding.
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| Picture 5 : AC COACH |
- That's why water is pumped from the tank into the train coach.The AC unit in such coaches is roof mounted and hence there is no space available for overhead water tanks. Each air-conditioned passenger coach is equipped with two undercarriage water tank modules,each module have two tanks with a holding capacity of 450 litres each and have 2 nos monoblock water pump 3 phase,415 volt placed with tanks also.
- Each railway coach consist of 2 nos of package unit,called as RMPU. Each package unit have 7 Ton capacity,operated by 415 volt,3 phase.Mounted above the toilets on both ends,supplying cold air to coach end to end. Please find below picture-6 for your better understanding-
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| Picture 6 : Typical RMPU system |
- Please find below advantages of RMPU over conventional Air conditioning system.
5) Railway Toilet:
- Earlier there was an open discharge toilet in Indian railway coach.But having this system would have been very dirty in railway station,platform area,rail line etc as indicated in below picture 7.
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| Picture 7 : Open Discharge Toilet |
- After that railway has implemented control discharge toilet system (CDTS).
- CDTS works on electrical & pneumatic pressure arrangement.The retention tank which stores effluent has two openings. These two openings activates by double acting pneumatic cylinders and air pressure fed by feed pipe of air brake system. The waste accumulated in the retention tank remains in the retention tank until two parameters are satisfied,one is a predetermined no. of flush counts and predetermined train speed which is around 30km/hr. All the toilet waste is transferred into the retention tank as indicated in below picture 8.
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| Picture 8 : Control Discharge Toilet System |
- But even this did not solve the problem.Because this way we will never be able to get rid of the city.
- Even after 100 years of invention of flush toilet, today only 15% of people in the world have a flush toilet. You will be surprised to know that only 3% peoples of rural India and 25% of urban Indians have flush toilets.
- So in order to compliance this order,the Indian Railways has decided to introduce bio-toilets in the trains by DRDO in the year 2013 as indicated below picture 9.
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| Picture 9 : Bio Toilet system in Railway coach |
- Bio-toilet is completely different toilet as compare to the traditional restrooms. It saves a lot of water and helps in keeping the environment clean.Please find below picture 10 shows differentiate between traditional vs bio-toilet for your better understanding.
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| Picture 10 : Traditional Vs. Bio-toilet |
- Bio-toilet is a decomposition mechanized toilet system which decomposes human excretory waste in the digester tank using specific high graded bacteria (aerobic or anaerobic) further converting it into methane gas, Carbon dioxide gas and water and escape out to environment.
- Bio-toilet have no such maintenance required and very much useful nowadays in Indian railway.
- "Please don't throw anything dirty things in the toilet" is written on the toilet of train.If anybody through plastic,pen etc in latrine hole or flash,this system can not work properly.That's why railway put one net in flash for prevent unwanted things.
- It might be very few people who know the significance of the 5 digit number which is written on a coach. Please follow the answer as mention below-
- Air Conditioned coach- As you can see in below picture 11,that the coach number of this particular coach is 04052. First two numbers 04 indicates the year in which coach is manufactured.The remaining digits in number signify the type of coach whether it is AC two tier or three tier or sleeper. AC coach denotes 1 to 200 nos.
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| Picture 11 : AC Coach |
- Non-AC Sleeper coach-As you can see in below picture 12,that the coach number of this particular coach is 93337. First two numbers 93 indicates the year in which coach is manufactured.The remaining digits in number signify the type of coach ie. sleeper. Sleeper coach denotes 201 to 400 nos.
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| Picture 12 : Non-AC Sleeper Coach |
- General Coach-As you can see in below picture 13,that the coach number of this particular coach is 93505. First two numbers 93 indicates the year in which coach is manufactured.The remaining digits in number signify the type of coach ie. general. General coach always have three doors. General coach denotes 401 to 600 nos.
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| Picture 13 : General Coach |
- Non AC Chair Car Coach-As you can see in below picture 14,that the coach number of this particular coach is 09613. First two numbers 09 indicates the year in which coach is manufactured.The remaining digits in number signify the type of coach ie. chair car. Non AC char car coach denotes 601 to 700 nos.
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| Picture 14 : Non-AC Chair Car Coach |
- Seating cum luggage rake Coach-As you can see in below picture 15,that the coach number of this particular coach is 08701. First two numbers 08 indicates the year in which coach is manufactured.The remaining digits in number signify the type of coach ie. seating cum luggage rake coach. Those who are disable who can easily avail this seat.Non AC seating cum luggage rake coach denotes 701 to 800 nos.
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| Picture 15 : Seating cum luggage rake Coach |
- Pantry Car,Generator Car-As you can see in below picture 16,that the coach number of this particular coach is 17854. First two numbers 17 indicates the year in which coach is manufactured.The remaining digits in number signify the type of coach ie. luggage brake and generator car. Those who are disable who can easily avail this seat.Luggage brake and generator car, Pantry car denotes 801 onward.
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| Picture 16 : Luggage Brake & Generator Car |
- Hopefully I have been able to explain most of the important things to you. ----------------------------------------Thanks-------------------------------------------------------
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